Enfuvirtide

Medical Advocates
Enfuvirtide [T-20] (Fuzeon)

Journal Citations

General Reports             Therapeutic Strategies
In Vitro Data                   Patient Challenges
Diagnostics                     Quality of Life
Safety                             Economics
Pharmacokinetics
Drug/Drug Interactions
Viral Dynamics
Resistance
Adverse Events
Efficacy

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Last updated: February 03, 2010
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General Reports

No evidence for decay of the latent reservoir in HIV-1-infected patients receiving intensive
enfuvirtide-containing antiretroviral therapy.
Gandhi RT, Bosch RJ, Aga E, et al
J Infect Dis. 2010 Jan 15;201(2):293-6.
Abstract

Long-lasting enfuvirtide carrier pentasaccharide conjugates with potent anti-human
immunodeficiency virus type 1 activity.
Huet T, Kerbarh O, Schols D, Clayette P, et al
Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2010 Jan;54(1):134-42.
Abstract

Novel drug classes: entry inhibitors [enfuvirtide, chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 5 antagonists
McKinnell JA, Saag MS.
Curr Opin HIV AIDS. 2009 Nov;4(6):513-517.
Abstract

Long-Lasting Enfuvirtide-Carrier Pentasaccharide Conjugates with Potent Anti-HIV-1 Activity.
Huet T, Kerbarh O, Schols D, Clayette P, et al
Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2009 Oct 5.
Abstract

A WEEK-IN-REVIEW FEATURED REPORT
Analysis of HIV Type 1 gp41 and Enfuvirtide Susceptibility among Men in the
United States Who Were HIV Infected Prior to Availability of HIV Entry Inhibitors.
Hudelson SE, Marlowe N, Huang W, et al
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 2009 Jun 24.
Abstract

Immunological success is predicted by enfuvirtide but not interleukin-2 therapy in immunodepressed
patients.
Viard JP, Fagard C, Chaix ML, et al
AIDS. 2009 May 20
Abstract

Enfuvirtide in HIV Patients: A Nursing Guideline for medication management.
Bigler S, Nicca D, Spirig R.
Pflege. 2009 Feb;22(1):29-38
Abstract

A WEEK IN REVIEW FEATURED REPORT
Initiation of therapy with a subcutaneously administered antiretroviral in treatment-experienced
HIV-infected patients: understanding physician and patient perspectives.
Horne R, Cooper V, Fisher M.
AIDS Care. 2008 Oct;20(9):1029-38.
Abstract

A WEEK IN REVIEW FEATURED REPORT
Reassessment of enfuvirtide's role in the management of HIV-1 infection.
Marr P, Walmsley S
Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2008 Sep;9(13):2349-62.
Abstract

Specific Enfuvirtide-Associated Mutational Pathways In HIV-1 Gp41 Are Significantly
Correlated With an Increase in CD4(+) Cell Count, Despite Virological Failure.
Svicher V, Aquaro S, D'Arrigo R, et al
J Infect Dis. 2008 Apr 15
Abstract

Mechanism-based model of the pharmacokinetics of enfuvirtide, an HIV fusion inhibitor.
Mohanty U, Dixit NM.
J Theor Biol. 2008 Apr 7;251(3):541-51.
Abstract

Enfuvirtide antiretroviral therapy in HIV-1 infection.
Kitchen CM, Nu�o M, Kitchen SG, Krogstad P, et al
Ther Clin Risk Manag. 2008 Apr;4(2):433-9.
Abstract

Enfuvirtide effects on human erythrocytes and lymphocytes functional properties.
Vieira CR, Castanho M, Saldanha C, Santos NC.
J Pept Sci. 2008 Jan 14
Abstract

T-20 and T-1249 HIV fusion inhibitors' structure and conformation in solution: a molecular
dynamics study.
Martins Do Canto AM, Palace Carvalho AJ, Prates Ramalho JP, Loura LM.
J Pept Sci. 2007 Dec 11
Abstract

CCR5 density levels on primary CD4 T cells impact the replication and Enfuvirtide susceptibility
of R5 HIV-1.
Heredia A, Gilliam B, Devico A, et al
AIDS. 2007 Jun;21(10):1317-22.
Abstract

A WEEK-IN-REVIEW FEATURED REPORT
Spanish recommendations for proper use of enfuvirtide
Ribera E, Moreno S, Viciana P, et al
Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin. 2007 Feb;25(2):131-42.
Abstract

A novel antiretroviral class (fusion inhibitors) in the management of HIV infection.
Present features and future perspectives of enfuvirtide (T-20).
Manfredi R, Sabbatani S.
Curr Med Chem. 2006;13(20):2369-84.
Abstract

HIV-1 Coreceptor Use in Triple-Class Treatment-Experienced Patients: Baseline
Prevalence, Correlates, and Relationship to Enfuvirtide Response.
Melby T, Despirito M, Demasi R,
J Infect Dis. 2006 Jul 15;194(2):238-46.
Abstract

Immunological Basis for IgE Hyper-Production in Enfuvirtide-Treated HIV- Positive Patients.
Burastero SE, Paolucci C, Breda D, et al
J Clin Immunol. 2006 Apr 7;
Abstract

Bioanalytical method development and validation for a large peptide HIV fusion inhibitor
(Enfuvirtide, T-20) and its metabolite in human plasma using LC-MS/MS.
Chang D, Kolis SJ, Linderholm KH, et al
Pharm Biomed Anal. 2005 Jul 1;38(3):487-96.
Abstract

Enfuvirtide Is Active against HIV Type 1 Group O.
Poveda E, Barreiro P, Rodes B, Soriano V.
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 2005 Jun;21(6):583-5
Abstract

Cost-Effectiveness of Enfuvirtide in Treatment-Experienced Patients With Advanced
HIV Disease.
Sax PE, Losina E, Weinstein MC
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2005 May 1;39(1):69-77
Abstract

Enfuvirtide: the first HIV fusion inhibitor.
Lazzarin A.
Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2005 Mar;6(3):453-464.
Abstract

Fuzeon, first of the so-called "fusion inhibitor" drug in new class of AIDS treatments and
its warnings
Hayashi T
Nippon Rinsho. 2005 Jan;63(1):173-82.
Abstract

Penetration of enfuvirtide, tenofovir, efavirenz, and protease inhibitors in the genital tract of
HIV-1-infected men.
Ghosn J, Chaix M-L, Peytavin G,
AIDS. 18(14):1958-1961, September 24, 2004.
Letter

Enfuvirtide
Machala L. .
Klin Mikrobiol Infekc Lek. 2004 Jun;10(3):114-117
Abstract

Clinical management of treatment-experienced, HIV-infected patients with the fusion
inhibitor enfuvirtide: consensus recommendations.
Clotet B, Raffi F, Cooper D, et al.
AIDS. 2004 May 21;18(8):1137-1146.
Abstract

Enfuvirtide: A fusion inhibitor for the treatment of HIV infection.
Fung HB, Guo Y.
Clin Ther. 2004 Mar;26(3):352-78.
Abstract

Enfuvirtide, a new fusion inhibitor for therapy of human immunodeficiency virus infection.
Hardy H, Skolnik PR
Pharmacotherapy. 2004 Feb;24(2):198-211.
Abstract

Enfuvirtide (Fuzeon): the first fusion inhibitor.
Williams IG.
Int J Clin Pract. 2003 Dec;57(10):890-7
Abstract

Enfuvirtide: A Novel Agent for the Treatment of HIV-1 Infection
Duffalo ML, James CW.
Ann Pharmacother. 2003 Oct;37(10):1448-56.
Abstract

Enfuvirtide (T-20): a novel human immunodeficiency virus type 1 fusion inhibitor.
Cervia JS, Smith MA.
Clin Infect Dis. 2003 Oct 15;37(8):1102-6
Abstract

In Vitro Data

Susceptibility of HIV-1 non-B subtypes and recombinant variants to Enfuvirtide.
Holguin A, Faudon JL, Labernardiere JL, Soriano V.
J Clin Virol. 2006 Dec 28;
Abstract

Genotypic changes in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 envelope glycoproteins on treatment
with the fusion inhibitor enfuvirtide and their influence on changes in drug susceptibility in vitro.
Su C, Melby T, Demasi R, Ravindran P, Heilek-Snyder G .
J Clin Virol. 2006 Jun 7
Abstract

Favorable Interactions between Enfuvirtide and 1-beta-D-2,6-Diaminopurine
Dioxolane In Vitro.
Tremblay CL, Poulin DL, Hicks JL, et al
Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2003 Nov;47(11):3644-6.
Abstract

Diagnostics

Assay of HIV gp41 amino acid sequence to identify baseline variation and mutation development
in patients with virologic failure on enfuvirtide.
Loutfy MR, Raboud JM, Montaner JS, et al
Antiviral Res. 2006 Dec 18;
Abstract

Performance of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 gp41 Assays for Detecting
Enfuvirtide (T-20) Resistance Mutations.
Marcial M, Lu J, Deeks SG, Ziermann R, Kuritzkes DR.
J Clin Microbiol. 2006 Sep;44(9):3384-7.
Abstract

Development and validation of a quantitative assay for the measurement of two HIV-fusion inhibitors,
enfuvirtide and tifuvirtide, and one metabolite of enfuvirtide (M-20) in human plasma by liquid
chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.
van den Broek I, Sparidans RW, Huitema AD, et al
.J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2006 May 16
Abstract

An Improved HPLC Fluorimetric Method for the Determination of Enfuvirtide Plasma Levels in HIV-
Infected Patients.
D'avolio A, de Requena MS, Ibanez A, et al
Ther Drug Monit. 2006 Feb;28(1):110-115
Abstract

Bioanalytical method development and validation for a large peptide HIV fusion inhibitor (Enfuvirtide,
T-20) and its metabolite in human plasma using LC-MS/MS.
Chang D, Kolis SJ, Linderholm KH, et al
Pharm Biomed Anal. 2005 Jul 1;38(3):487-96
Abstract

Safety

A WEEK-IN-REVIEW FEATURED REPORT
Pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and safety of once-daily versus twice-daily dosing with
enfuvirtide in HIV-infected subjects.
Thompson M, Dejesus E, Richmond G, et al
AIDS. 2006 Feb 14;20(3):397-404.
Abstract

A WEEK-IN-REVIEW FEATURED REPORT
Safety of Enfuvirtide in Combination With an Optimized Background of Antiretrovirals in T
reatment-Experienced HIV-1-Infected Adults Over 48 Weeks.
Trottier B, Walmsley S, Reynes J, et al
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2005 Dec 1;40(4):413-421.
Abstract

Safety, tolerability, and plasma pharmacokinetics of high-strength formulations
of enfuvirtide (T-20) in treatment-experienced HIV-1-infected patients.
Wheeler DA, Lalezari JP, Kilby JM et al
J Clin Virol. 2004 Jun;30(2):183-90
Abstract

The safety, plasma pharmacokinetics, and antiviral activity of subcutaneous
enfuvirtide (T-20), a peptide inhibitor of gp41-mediated virus fusion, in HIV-infected adults.
Kilby JM, Lalezari JP, Eron JJ, et al.
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2002 Jul 1;18(10):685-93
Abstract

A phase II clinical study of the long-term safety and antiviral activity of enfuvirtide-based
antiretroviral therapy.
Lalezari JP, Eron JJ, Carlson M, et al.
AIDS 2003 Mar 28;17(5):691-698
Abstract

Pharmacokinetics

Enfuvirtide cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pharmacokinetics and potential use in defining CSF HIV-1 origin.
Price RW, Parham R, Kroll JL, et al
Antivir Ther. 2008;13(3):369-74.
Abstract

A WEEK IN REVIEW FEATURED REPORT
Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic determinants of early virological response to enfuvirtide-based
regimens in HIV-positive patients.
Gonzalez de Requena D, Bonora S, Castagna A, et al
J Antimicrob Chemother. 2008 May 16.
Abstract

Mechanism-based model of the pharmacokinetics of enfuvirtide, an HIV fusion inhibitor.
Mohanty U, Dixit NM.
J Theor Biol. 2007 Dec 28
Abstract

A WEEK-IN-REVIEW FEATURED REPORT
Pharmacokinetic Bioequivalence of Enfuvirtide Using a Needle-Free Device versus Standard
Needle Administration.
True AL, Chiu YY, Demasi RA, Stout R, Patel I.
Pharmacotherapy. 2006 Dec;26(12):1679-86.
Abstract

Pharmacokinetics of enfuvirtide in patients treated in typical routine clinical settings.
Stocker H, Kloft C, Plock N, et al
Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2006 Feb;50(2):667-73.
Abstract

Population pharmacokinetics and exposure-response relationship of enfuvirtide in treatment-
experienced human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected patients.
Mould DR, Zhang X, Nieforth K, et al
Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2005 Jun;77(6):515-28
Abstract

Enfuvirtide Binding Domain Is Highly Conserved in Non-B HIV Type 1 Strains from Cameroon,
West Central Africa.
Aghokeng AF, Ewane L, Awazi B, et al
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 2005 May;21(5):430-3
Abstract

Pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and drug interaction potential of enfuvirtide.
Patel IH, Zhang X, Nieforth K, Salgo M, Buss N.
Clin Pharmacokinet. 2005;44(2):175-86.
Abstract

Safety, tolerability, and plasma pharmacokinetics of high-strength formulations of enfuvirtide
(T-20) in treatment-experienced HIV-1-infected patients.
Wheeler DA, Lalezari JP, Kilby JM et al
J Clin Virol. 2004 Jun;30(2):183-90
Abstract

The safety, plasma pharmacokinetics, and antiviral activity of subcutaneous enfuvirtide (T-20),
a peptide inhibitor of gp41-mediated virus fusion, in HIV-infected adults.
Kilby JM, Lalezari JP, Eron JJ, et al.
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2002 Jul 1;18(10):685-93
Abstract

Drug/Drug Interactions

Synergistic efficacy of combination of enfuvirtide and sifuvirtide, the first- and next-generation
HIV-fusion inhibitors.
Pan C, Lu H, Qi Z, Jiang S.
AIDS. 2009 Feb 24
Abstract

A WEEK-IN-REVIEW FEATURED REPORT
Combined tipranavir and enfuvirtide use associated with higher plasma tipranavir concentrations
but not with increased hepatotoxicity: sub-analysis from RESIST.
Raffi F, Battegay M, Rusconi S, et al
AIDS. 2007 Sep;21(14):1977-1980.
Abstract

Rapamycin reduces CCR5 density levels on CD4 T cells and this effect results in potentiation of
Enfuvirtide (T-20) against R5 HIV-1 in vitro.
Heredia A, Gilliam B, Latinovic O, et al
Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2007 May 7
Abstract

A WEEK-IN-REVIEW FEATURED REPORT
Unexpected drug-drug interaction between tipranavir/ritonavir and enfuvirtide.
de Requena DG, Calcagno A, Bonora S, et al
AIDS. 2006 Oct 3;20(15):1977-1979.
Abstract

Pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and drug interaction potential of enfuvirtide.
Patel IH, Zhang X, Nieforth K, Salgo M, Buss N.
Clin Pharmacokinet. 2005;44(2):175-86.
Abstract

Lack of Interaction between Enfuvirtide and Ritonavir or Ritonavir-Boosted Saquinavir
in HIV-1-Infected Patients.
Ruxrungtham K, Boyd M, Bellibas SE, et al
J Clin Pharmacol. 2004 Jul;44(7):793-803.
Abstract

Assessment of drug-drug interaction potential of enfuvirtide in human immunodeficiency
virus type 1-infected patients.
Zhang X, Lalezari JP, Badley AD, et al
Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2004 Jun;75(6):558-68
Abstract

Lack of Enzyme-Inducing Effect of Rifampicin on the Pharmacokinetics of Enfuvirtide.
Boyd MA, Zhang X, Dorr A, et al
J Clin Pharmacol. 2003 Dec;43(12):1382-1391
Abstract

Viral Dynamics

HIV-1-infected patients from the French National Observatory experiencing virological failure while receiving enfuvirtide.
Descamps D, Assoumou L, Masquelier B, et al
J Antimicrob Chemother. 2008 Jun 13
Abstract

Susceptibility of HIV Type 1 to the Fusion Inhibitor T-20 Is Reduced on Insertion of Host
Intercellular Adhesion Molecule 1 in the Virus Membrane.
Beausejour Y, Tremblay MJ.
J Infect Dis. 2004 Sep 1;190(5):894-902.
Abstract

Immunological and virological study of enfuvirtide-treated HIV-positive patients.
Barretina J, Blanco J, Bonjoch A, et al
AIDS. 2004 Aug 20;18(12):1673-82.
Abstract

Sensitivity of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 to Fusion Inhibitors Targeted to the
gp41 First Heptad Repeat Involves Distinct Regions of gp41 and Is Consistently Modulated
by gp120 Interactions with the Coreceptor.
Derdeyn CA, Decker JM, Sfakianos JN, et al. .
J Virol 2001 Sep;75(18):8605-8614
Abstract

Activation of the formyl peptide receptor by the HIV-derived peptide T-20 suppresses
interleukin-12 p70 production by humanmonocytes.
Braun MC, Wang JM, Lahey E, Rabin RL, Kelsall BL.
Blood 2001 Jun 1;97(11):3531-3536
Abstract

Strong in vitro synergy between the fusion inhibitor T-20 and the CXCR4 blocker AMD-3100
Tremblay CL, Kollmann C, Giguel F, Chou TC, Hirsch MS.
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2000 Oct 1;25(2):99-102
Abstract

Adverse Events

A WEEK-IN-REVIEW FEATURED REPORT
Does enfuvirtide increase the risk of bacterial pneumonia in patients receiving combination
antiretroviral therapy?
Kousignian I, Launay O, Mayaud C, et al
J Antimicrob Chemother. 2009 Nov 10
Abstract

A delayed hypersensitivity reaction to enfuvirtide after rechallenge.
Emerson CR, Post JJ, Workman C.
Int J STD AIDS. 2009 Apr;20(4):288-9.
Abstract

Does Iatrogenic Scleroderma due to Injection-Site Reaction to Enfuvirtide Impair Absorption of
the Drug?
Maggi P, Filotico R, Bonora S, et al
Clin Drug Investig. 2008;28(5):305-11
Abstract

Renal failure in a patient treated with atazanavir
Moddel M, Pfammatter R, Varga Z, Keusch G.
Schweiz Rundsch Med Prax. 2006 Jun 7;95(23):949-51.
Abstract

Pharmacokinetics of enfuvirtide in a patient with impaired renal function.
Leen C, Wat C, Nieforth K
Clin Infect Dis. 2004 Dec 1;39(11):e119-21.
Abstract

Successful Desensitization to Enfuvirtide after a Hypersensitivity Reaction in an
HIV-1-Infected Man.
Desimone JA, Ojha A, Pathak R, Cohn J.
Clin Infect Dis. 2004 Nov 15;39(10):e110-2.
Abstract

Injection site reactions with the HIV-1 fusion inhibitor enfuvirtide.
Ball RA, Kinchelow T.
J Am Acad Dermatol. 2003 Nov;49(5):826-31
Abstract

Resistance

High prevalence of primary Enfuvirtide (ENF) resistance-associated mutations in
HIV-1-infected patients in Hong Kong.
Leung PH, Chen JH, Wong KH, et al
J Clin Virol. 2010 Jan 27.
Abstract

Therapy Failure following Selection of Enfuvirtide-Resistant HIV-1 in Cerebrospinal Fluid.
van Lelyveld SF, Nijhuis M, Baatz F, et al
Clin Infect Dis. 2010 Jan 4.
Abstract

High Level of Multidrug Resistance Mutations in HIV Type 1 pol Gene and Resistance-Associated
Mutations to Enfuvirtide (T-20) among Antiretroviral-Experienced Patients from Central Brazil.
Cardoso LP, de Ara�jo Stefani MM.
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 2009 Sep 30.
Abstract

Evolution of genotypic resistance to enfuvirtide in HIV-1 isolates from different group M subtypes.
Covens K, Kabeya K, Schrooten Y, et al
J Clin Virol. 2009 Feb 21.
Abstract

Enfuvirtide (T-20) Resistance-Related Mutations in HIV Type 1 Subtypes B, C, and F Isolates from
Brazilian Patients Failing HAART.
Oliveira AC, Martins AN, Pires AF, et al
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 2009 Feb;25(2):193-8.
Abstract

A WEEK IN REVIEW FEATURED REPORT
The Treatment with the Fusion Inhibitor Enfuvirtide Influences the Appearance of Mutations
in the HIV-1 Regulatory Protein Rev.
Svicher V, Alteri C, D'Arrigo R, et al
Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2009 Jan 5.
Abstract

Impact of the Enfuvirtide Resistance Mutation N43D and the Associated Baseline Polymorphism
E137K on Peptide Sensitivity and Six-Helix Bundle Structure.
Bai X, Wilson KL, Seedorff JE, et al
Biochemistry. 2008 May 29.
Abstract

Association between specific enfuvirtide resistance mutations and CD4 cell response during
enfuvirtide-based therapy.
Melby TE, Despirito M, Demasi RA, et al
AIDS. 2007 Nov 30;21(18):2537-9.
Abstract

Short Communication: Dynamics of Drug-Resistant HIV-1 in Plasma and Peripheral Blood
Cells in Patients during and after Enfuvirtide Therapy
Poveda E, Briz V, Paraskevis D, et al
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 2007 Sep;23(9):1078-1082.
Abstract

Transmembrane protein polymorphisms and resistance to T-20 (Enfuvirtide, Fuzeon) in HIV-1
infected therapy-naive seroconverters and AIDS patients under HAART-T-20 therapy.
Morozov VA, Morozov AV, Schurmann D, et al
Virus Genes. 2007 Apr 18;
Abstract

Interruption of Enfuvirtide in HIV-1-Infected Adults with Incomplete Viral Suppression on an
Enfuvirtide-Based Regimen.
Deeks SG, Lu J, Hoh R, et al
J Infect Dis. 2007 Feb 1;195(3):387-91.
Abstract

A WEEK-IN-REVIEW FEATURED REPORT
Increased Polymorphism in the HR-1 gp41 env Gene Encoding the Enfuvirtide (T20) Target in
HIV-1 Variants Harboring Multiple Antiretroviral Drug Resistance Mutations in the pol Gene.
Si-Mohamed A, Piketty C, Tisserand P, et al
Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2006 Oct 30;
Abstract

Specific mutations in HIV-1 gp41 are associated with immunological success in HIV-1-infected
patients receiving enfuvirtide treatment.
Aquaro S, D'Arrigo R, Svicher V, et al
J Antimicrob Chemother. 2006 Aug 5;
Abstract

A WEEK-IN-REVIEW FEATURED REPORT
Rapid Emergence of Enfuvirtide Resistance in HIV-1-Infected Patients: Results of a Clonal Analysis
.Lu J, Deeks SG, Hoh R,
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2006 Jul 31;
Abstract

A WEEK-IN-REVIEW FEATURED REPORT
Characterization of Envelope Glycoprotein gp41 Genotype and Phenotypic Susceptibility to
Enfuvirtide at Baseline and on Treatment in the Phase III Clinical Trials TORO-1 and TORO-2.
Melby T, Sista P, Demasi R, et al
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 2006 May;22(5):375-85
Abstract

A WEEK-IN-REVIEW FEATURED REPORT
Long-term monitoring of genotypic and phenotypic resistance to T20 in treated patients infected
with HIV-1.
Perez-Alvarez L, Carmona R, Ocampo A, et al
J Med Virol. 2005 Dec 21;78(2):141-147
Abstract

A WEEK-IN-REVIEW FEATURED REPORT
Dynamics of enfuvirtide resistance in HIV-infected patients during and after long-term enfuvirtide
salvage therapy.
Poveda E, Rodes B, Lebel-Binay S, et al
J Clin Virol. 2005 Dec;34(4):295-301.
Abstract

Enfuvirtide resistance mutations: impact on human immunodeficiency virus envelope
function, entry inhibitor sensitivity, and virus neutralization.
Reeves JD, Lee FH, Miamidian JL,et al
J Virol. 2005 Apr;79(8):4991-9.
Abstract

Natural resistance-associated mutations to Enfuvirtide (T20) and polymorphisms in
the gp41region of different HIV-1 genetic forms from T20 naive patients.
Carmona R, Perez-Alvarez L, Munoz M, et al
J Clin Virol. 2005 Mar;32(3):248-53
Abstract

Emergence and evolution of enfuvirtide resistance following long-term therapy involves
heptad repeat 2 mutations within gp41.
Xu L, Pozniak A, Wildfire A, Stanfield-Oakley SA. et al
Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2005 Mar;49(3):1113-9.
Abstract

Emergence of a Drug-Dependent Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Variant during
Therapy with theT20 Fusion Inhibitor.
Baldwin CE, Sanders RW, Deng Y, et al
J Virol. 2004 Nov;78(22):12428-37.
Abstract

Genotype and Phenotype Patterns of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Resistance
to Enfuvirtide during Long-Term Treatment.
Menzo S, Castagna A, Monachetti A, et al
Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2004 Sep;48(9):3253-9.
Abstract

Evolution of genotypic and phenotypic resistance to Enfuvirtide in HIV-infected patients
experiencing
prolonged virologic failure.
Poveda E, Rodes B, Labernardiere JL, et a;
J Med Virol. 2004 Sep;74(1):21-8.
Abstract

Resistance to enfuvirtide, the first HIV fusion inhibitor.
Greenberg ML, Cammack N.
J Antimicrob Chemother. 2004 Jul 1
Abstract

Relative replicative fitness of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 mutants resistant
to enfuvirtide (T-20).
Lu J, Sista P, Giguel F, Greenberg M, Kuritzkes DR.
J Virol. 2004 May;78(9):4628-37.
Abstract

Enfuvirtide (T-20) cross-reactive glycoprotein 41 antibody does not impair the efficacy or
safety of enfuvirtide.
Walmsley S, Henry K, Katlama C, et al.
J Infect Dis. 2003 Dec 15;188(12):1827-33
Abstract

Uncommon Mutations at Residue Positions Critical for Enfuvirtide (T-20) Resistance in
Enfuvirtide-Naive Patients Infected With Subtype B and Non-B HIV-1 Strains.
Roman F, Gonzalez D, Lambert C, et al.
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2003 Jun 1;33(2):134-9.
Abstract

Emergence of Resistant Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 in Patients Receiving
Fusion Inhibitor (T-20) Monotherapy.
Wei X, Decker JM, Liu H,
Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2002 Jun;46(6):1896-1905
Abstract

FULL-TEXT ARTICLE
Determinants of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 resistance to gp41-derived
inhibitory peptides.
Rimsky LT, Shugars DC, Matthews TJ.
J Virol 1998; 72(2):986-93.
Paper

Efficacy

A WEEK IN REVIEW FEATURED REPORT
Discontinuation of Enfuvirtide in Heavily Pretreated HIV-Infected Individuals.
Elzi L, Kaufmann G, Weber R, et al
HIV Clin Trials. 2009 Jul 1;10(4):207-214.
Abstract

A WEEK-IN-REVIEW FEATURED REPORT
Survival of HIV-1 Infected Multidrug-Resistant Patients Recycling Enfuvirtide After a Previous Failure.
Cossarini F, Galli L, Sagnelli C, et al
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2009 Apr 6
Abstract

A WEEK IN REVIEW FEATURED REPORT
Postmarketing Use of Enfuvirtide in Veterans: Provider Compliance with Criteria for Use, Overall
Efficacy, and Tolerability (November).
Belperio PS, Mole LA, Halloran J, et al
Ann Pharmacother. 2008 Oct 21.
Abstract

A WEEK IN REVIEW FEATURED REPORT
Safety and Efficacy of Enfuvirtide in Combination with Darunavir/Ritonavir and an Optimized
Background Regimen in Triple-Class Experienced HIV-Infected Patients: The BLQ Study.
Dejesus E, Gottlieb MS, Gathe JC Jr, et al
Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2008 Sep 22
Abstract

A WEEK IN REVIEW FEATURED REPORT
Efficacy and Safety of 48 Weeks of Enfuvirtide 180 mg Once-Daily Dosing Versus 90 mg Twice-Daily Dosing
in HIV-Infected Patients.
Wright D, Rodriguez A, Godofsky E, et al
HIV Clin Trials. 2008 Mar-Apr;9(2):73-82
Abstract

U nexpected dramatic increase in CD4(+) cell count in a patient with AIDS after enfuvirtide
treatment despite persistent viremia and resistance mutations.
Soria A, Cavarelli M, Sala S, et al
J Med Virol. 2008 Apr 21;80(6):937-941
Abstract

A WEEK IN REVIEW FEATURED REPORT
Canadian Consensus Recommendations for the Optimal Use of Enfuvirtide in HIV/AIDS Patients
Rachlis A, Angel J, Harris M, et al
Can J Infect Dis Med Microbiol. 2006 May;17(3):155-63.
Abstract

A WEEK IN REVIEW FEATURED REPORT
Immunologic Benefits of Enfuvirtide in Patients Enrolled in a Drug Assistance Program (May).
Saberi P, Caswell NH, Gruta CI, et al
Ann Pharmacother. 2008 Apr 15
Abstract

Adherence to Enfuvirtide and Its Impact on Treatment Efficacy.
Rockstroh J, Dejesus E, Donatacci L, et al
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 2008 Feb
Abstract

The Safety and Efficacy of Enfuvirtide Therapy for HIV Infection in Patients with Hemophilia:
A Case Series.
Polizzotto MN, Street AM, Wright E, et al
Clin Infect Dis. 2007 Aug 15;45(4):e39-41.
Abstract

Consensus Recommendation from a Group of German Experts for the Use of Enfuvirtide in
Heavily Pretreated HIV Patients.
Salzberger B, Daumer M, Gute P, et al
Eur J Med Res. 2007 Mar 26;12(3):93-102
Abstract

A WEEK-IN-REVIEW FEATURED REPORT
A cohort study of enfuvirtide immunological and virological efficacy in clinical practice.
Bienvenu B, Krivine A, Rollot F, et al
J Med Virol. 2006 Aug 22;78(10):1312-1317
Abstract

Week-12 response to therapy as a predictor of week 24, 48, and 96 outcome in patients
receiving the HIV fusion inhibitor enfuvirtide in the T-20 versus Optimized Regimen Only
(TORO) trials.
Raffi F, Katlama C, Saag M, et al
Clin Infect Dis. 2006 Mar 15;42(6):870-7.
Abstract

A WEEK-IN-REVIEW FEATURED REPORT
Infected Patients in the T-20 Versus Optimized Background Regimen Only 1 and 2 Clinical Trials.
Nelson M, Arasteh K, Clotet B, et al
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2005 Dec 1;40(4):404-412.
Abstract

Sensitivity of HIV Type 1 Subtype C Isolates to the Entry Inhibitor T-20.
Cilliers T, Patience T, Pillay C,et al
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 2004 May;20(5):477-82.
Abstract

Efficacy of enfuvirtide in patients infected with drug-resistant HIV-1 in Europe and Australia.
Lazzarin A, Clotet B, Cooper D, et al.
N Engl J Med 2003 May 29;348(22):2186-95
Abstract

FULL-TEXT PDF ARTICLE
Enfuvirtide, an HIV-1 Fusion Inhibitor, for Drug-Resistant HIV Infection in North and
South America.
Lalezari JP, Henry K, O'Hearn M, et al.
N Engl J Med 2003 Mar 13
Paper

Therapeutic Strategies

A WEEK-IN-REVIEW FEATURED REPORT
Enfuvirtide: A safe and effective antiretroviral agent for human immunodeficiency
virus-infected patients shortly after liver transplantation.
Teicher E, Abbara C, Duclos-Vall�e JC, et al
Liver Transpl. 2009 Sep 29;15(10):1336-1342
Abstract

Switching from a Toxicity-Causing Antiretroviral to Enfuvirtide in Patients with HIV: The SWITCH TOX Study.
Streinu-Cercel A, de Gorgolas M, M�ller M, et al
HIV Clin Trials. 2008 Jan 1;9(6):375-386
Abstract

A randomized, controlled study evaluating an induction treatment strategy in which enfuvirtide
was added to an oral, highly active antiretroviral therapy regimen in treatment-experienced patients:
the INTENSE study.
Clotet B, Capetti A, Soto-Ramirez LE, et al
J Antimicrob Chemother. 2008 Sep 8
Abstract

A report on the effect of commencing enfuvirtide on peripheral neuropathy.
Cherry CL, Duncan AJ, Mackie KF, et al
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 2008 Aug;24(8):1027-30.
Abstract

Enfuvirtide Does Not Require Dose Adjustment in Patients With Chronic Kidney Failure:
Results of a Pharmacokinetic Study of Enfuvirtide in HIV-1-Infected Patients With
Impaired Kidney Function.
Tebas P, Bellos N, Lucasti C, et al
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2007 Dec 13
Abstract

A WEEK-IN-REVIEW FEATURED REPORT
Interruption of Enfuvirtide in HIV-1-Infected Adults with Incomplete Viral Suppression on an
Enfuvirtide-Based Regimen.
Deeks SG, Lu J, Hoh R, et al
J Infect Dis. 2007 Feb 1;195(3):387-91.
Abstract

A WEEK-IN-REVIEW FEATURED REPORT
Short communication metabolic and mitochondrial effects of switching antiretroviral-experienced
patients to enfuvirtide, tenofovir and saquinavir/ritonavir.
Miro O, Garrabou G, Lopez S, et al
Antivir Ther. 2006;11(5):625-30.
Abstract

A WEEK-IN-REVIEW FEATURED REPORT
Viral failure in HIV-infected patients with long-lasting viral suppression who discontinued enfuvirtide.
Bonjoch A, Negredo E, Puig J, et al
AIDS. 2006 Sep 11;20(14):1896-8.
Abstract

Enfuvirtide in HIV-1-infected individuals changing therapy to a nucleoside reverse transcriptase
inhibitor sparing regimen: the ALLIANCE Study.
Dwyer DE, Workman C, Hales G, et al
Antivir Ther. 2006;11(4):409-19.
Abstract

Successful Desensitization to Enfuvirtide after a Hypersensitivity Reaction in an
HIV-1-Infected Man.
Desimone JA, Ojha A, Pathak R, Cohn J.
Clin Infect Dis. 2004 Nov 15;39(10):e110-2.
Abstract

Patient Challenges

Initiation of therapy with a subcutaneously administered antiretroviral in treatment-experienced
HIV-infected patients: understanding physician and patient perspectives.
Horne R, Cooper V, Fisher M.
AIDS Care. 2008 Oct;20(9):1029-38.
Abstract

A randomized study to evaluate injection site reactions using three different enfuvirtide delivery mechanisms
(the OPTIONS study).
Boyd MA, Truman M, Hales G, et al
Antivir Ther. 2008;13(3):449-53.
Abstract

Patients' Perception and Effectiveness of a Treatment Containing Enfuvirtide When Used in HIV-Infected Patients
Without Very Advanced Disease.
Wright , Del Pozo , Fern�ndez-Guerrero , et al
HIV Clin Trials. 2008 Mar-Apr;9(2):83-90
Abstract
.
A WEEK-IN-REVIEW FEATURED REPORT
Pharmacokinetic Bioequivalence of Enfuvirtide Using a Needle-Free Device versus Standard
Needle Administration.
True AL, Chiu YY, Demasi RA, Stout R, Patel I.
Pharmacotherapy. 2006 Dec;26(12):1679-86.
Abstract

A WEEK-IN-REVIEW FEATURED REPORT
Enfuvirtide: patient acceptance and strategies for managing injection-site reactions.
Rice C, Wilantewicz H.
AIDS Read. 2006 Sep;16(9):470-4, 490-1.
Abstract

Quality of Life

Health-Related Quality of Life With Enfuvirtide (ENF; T-20) in Combination With an
Optimized Background Regimen.
Cohen CJ, Clumeck N, Molina JM, et al
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2004 Sep 1;37(1):1140-1146.
Abstract

Economics

A WEEK-IN-REVIEW FEATURED REPORT
Cost-Effectiveness of Enfuvirtide in HIV Therapy for Treatment-Experienced Patients
in the United States.
Hornberger J, Kilby JM, Wintfeld N, Green J.
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 2006 Mar;22(3):240-7
Abstract

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