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Last Update:  April 03, 2008
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Treatment Indications
RTV Monotherapy RTV/Multiple ART D4T/NVP/RTV  
RTV/ZDV  RTV vs NFV RTV/IND  
RTV/ZDV/3TC RTV/DDI/ZDV     

RTV Monotherapy

           Journal Papers, Abstracts, and Commentaries

 
Long-Term Safety and Effectiveness of Ritonavir, Nelfinavir, and Lopinavir/Ritonavir in
Antiretroviral-Experienced HIV-Infected Children.
 Rudin C, Burri M, Shen Y, et al  
Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2008 Mar 27
Abstract

A phase I/II study of the protease inhibitor ritonavir in children with human
immunodeficiency virus infection.
Mueller BU, Nelson RP, Jr., Sleasman J et al.
Pediatrics 1998; 101(3 Pt 1): 335-343.
 Abstract

RTV vs NFV
          Journal Papers, Abstracts, and Commentaries

  Long-term responses to treatment including ritonavir or nelfinavir in HIV-1-infected
children.
Pediatric AIDS Group of Switzerland. Nadal D, Steiner F, Cheseaux JJ, et al.
Infection 2000 Sep;28(5):287-96
Abstract

RTV/ZDV 

Adverse Events

     Hepatitis/Hepatotoxicity  

               Journal Papers, Abstracts, and Commentaries

  Acute hepatitis and bleeding possibly induced by zidovudine and ritonavir in an infant
with HIV infection
Pai VB, Koranyi K, Nahata MC
Pharmacotherapy 2000 Sep;20(9):1135-40 
Abstract

RTV/ZDV/3TC

          Journal Papers, Abstracts, and Commentaries
 

  Pharmacokinetic characteristics of ritonavir, zidovudine, lamivudine, and stavudine in
 children with human immunodeficiency virus infection.
 Fletcher CV, Yogev R, Nachman SA, et al
Pharmacotherapy. 2004 Apr;24(4):453-9.
Abstract

          Conference Reports, Abstracts, and Posters

  Pharmacokinetic and Virologic Response to Ritonavir (RTV) in Combination with
Zidovudine (ZDV) and Lamivudine (3TC) in HIV-1 Infected Pregnant Women and Their Infants
G. Scott,J. Rodman, W. Scott 
 (9RETRO)
Abstract

RTV/DDI/ZDV 
          Journal Papers, Abstracts, and Commentaries

  Immunoreconstitution after ritonavir therapy in children with human immunodeficiency
virus infection involves multiple lymphocyte lineages.
Sleasman JW, Nelson RP, Goodenow MM, et al.
Pediatr 1999 May;134(5):597-606 
Abstract

D4T/NVP/RTV

        Journal Papers, Abstracts, and Commentaries

  Stavudine, nevirapine and ritonavir in stable antiretroviral therapy-experienced
children with human immunodeficiency virus infection.
Yogev R, Lee S,  Wiznia A, et al.
Pediatr Infect Dis J  2002 Feb;21(2):119-125
 Abstract

RTV/IND

          Conference Reports, Abstracts, and Posters

 
POSTER
 Evolution of Genotypic Resistance and Pharmacokinetic Measures of Adherence in
Children Failing Ritonavir/Indinavir Combination Regimens
 EG Chadwick, JH Rodman, P M Samson, et al
(11 CROI)
 PDF Poster             Abstract
 
 
RTV/STV
          Journal Papers, Abstracts, and Commentaries
 
  Pharmacokinetic characteristics of ritonavir, zidovudine, lamivudine, and stavudine in
children with human immunodeficiency virus infection.
 Fletcher CV, Yogev R, Nachman SA, et al
Pharmacotherapy. 2004 Apr;24(4):453-9.
Abstract
 

RTV/Multiple ART Combinations

Efficacy

          Journal Papers, Abstracts, and Commentaries

 
Ritonavir-Based Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy in Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Type 1-Infected Infants Younger Than 24 Months of Age.
 Gould Chadwick E, Rodman JH, Britto P, et al 
Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2005 Sep;24(9):793-800.
 Abstract
 
FULL TEXT ARTICLE
Response to a protease-inhibitor (ritonavir)-containing combination antiretroviral regimen in
HIV-infected children.
Allen UD, Lapointe N, Read SE, et al
Can J Infect Dis. 2003 Mar;14(2):89-93.
Paper

Nucleoside-analogue reverse-transcriptase inhibitors plus nevirapine, nelfinavir,
or ritonavir for pretreated children infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1
Krogstad P, Lee S, Johnson G, Stanley K,. et al.
Clin Infect Dis 2002 Apr 1;34(7):991-1001
Abstract

Nucleoside analogs plus ritonavir in stable antiretroviral therapy-experienced HIV-infected
children: a randomized controlled trial.
Pediatric AIDS Clinical Trials Group 338 Study Team.
Nachman SA, Stanley K, Yogev R et al.
JAMA. 2000; 283(4): 492-498.
 Abstract

Combination antiretroviral therapy including ritonavir in children infected with human
immunodeficiency.
Thuret I, Michel G, Chambost H et al.
AIDS 1999; 13(1): 81-87.
 Abstract

Combination nucleoside analog reverse transcriptase inhibitor(s) plus nevirapine,
nelfinavir, or ritonavir in stable antiretroviral therapy- experienced HIV-infected children:
week 24 results of a randomized controlled trial--PACTG 377.
Pediatric AIDS Clinical Trials Group 377 Study Team.
AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses 2000; 16(12): 1113-1121.
Abstract

Relationship between efficacy, tolerance, and plasma drug concentration of ritonavir in
children with advanced HIV infection.
Dumon C, Solas C, Thuret I, et al
Ther Drug Monit 2000 Aug;22(4):402-8
Abstract

 

          Conference Reports, Abstracts, and Posters

  Long-term safety and effectiveness of ritonavir (RTV), nelfinavir (NFV) and lopinavir/
ritonavir (LPV/r) in antiretroviral (ARV) -experienced HIV-1-infected children
 Rudin C., Burri M., Shen Y., et al
 (XVI International AIDS Conference)
 Abstract

Intestinal Function

          Journal Papers, Abstracts, and Commentaries

  Ritonavir combination therapy restores intestinal function in children with advanced
 HIV Disease.
Canani RB, Spagnuolo MI, Cirillo P, Guarino A 
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 1999 Aug 1;21(4):307-12
Abstract

Nutritional Status

     Journal Papers, Abstracts, and Commentaries

Nutritional status changes in HIV-infected children receiving combined antiretroviral
therapy including protease inhibitors.
Fiore P, Donelli E, Boni S, et al
Int J Antimicrob Agents 2000 Nov;16(3):365-9 
Abstract

Growth

     Journal Papers, Abstracts, and Commentaries

  Growth in human immunodeficiency virus-infected children receiving ritonavir- containing
antiretroviral therapy.
Nachman SA, Lindsey JC, Pelton S
Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2002 May;156(5):497-503
Abstract 

Salvage Therapy     

          Journal Papers, Abstracts, and Commentaries

Comparison of ritonavir plus saquinavir- and nelfinavir plus saquinavir-containing
regimens as salvage therapy in children with human immunodeficiency type 1 infection.
Hoffmann F, Notheis G, Wintergerst U, Eberle J ,et al.  
 Pediatr Infect Dis J 2000 Jan;19(1):47-51 
Abstract 

Adverse Events
       
          Journal Papers, Abstracts, and Commentaries
 
  Ritonavir-Fluticasone Interaction Causing Cushing Syndrome in HIV-Infected Children
and Adolescents.
 Arrington-Sanders R, Hutton N, Siberry GK.
Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2006 Nov;25(11):1044-1048.
Abstract 

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