Medical Advocates
Ritonavir (Norvir)
 
Journal Citations: Adverse
Events

General Reports                 Hypersensitivity  
Blood Disorders                  Metabolic Disorders
Bone Disorders
Candidiasis                       
Cardiac Disorders
Endocrine Disorders
 Endothelial Mitochondrial DNA Damage/Cell Death
 Ergotism
 Gastrointestinal Disorders
 Granulomatous Lesions
 Hepatotoxicity 

Clinical Pharmacology Main New/Newsworthy  Home Page      

Last Update:  May 18, 2012
 Documents identified with this icon are in Portable Document Format (PDF) and require the Adobe Acrobat Reader

General Reports
 
  Impact of Ritonavir, Atazanavir and their Combination on the CYP3A4 Induction Potential
of Efavirenz in Primary Human Hepatocytes.
 Mugundu GM, Hariparsad N, Desai PB.
Drug Metab Lett. 2010 Mar 4.
Abstract
Blood Disorders 
 
  Ritonavir and Epidural Triamcinolone as a Cause of Iatrogenic Cushing's Syndrome.
Albert NE, Kazi S, Santoro J, Dougherty R
 Am J Med Sci. 2012 Apr 25.

Effects of Tipranavir, Darunavir, and Ritonavir on Platelet Function, Coagulation,
and Fibrinolysis in Healthy Volunteers.
Kort JJ, Aslanyan S, Scherer J, et al
Curr HIV Res. 2011 Jun 14
 Abstract

Acute hepatitis and bleeding possibly induced by zidovudine and ritonavir in an infant
with HIV infection.
 Pai VB, Koranyi K, Nahata MC.
 Pharmacotherapy. 2000 Sep;20(9):1135-40.
 Abstract
Bone Disorders
 
  Iatrogenic Osteoporosis, Bilateral hip Osteonecrosis, and Secondary Adrenal
Suppression in an HIV-infected Patient Receiving Inhaled Corticosteroids and
Ritonavir-Boosted HAART.
 Kaviani N, Bukberg P, Manessis A, Yen V, Young I.
Endocr Pract. 2010 Aug 16:1-16.
Abstract
Candidiasis
 
  Oropharyngeal candidiasis in HIV-infected patients under treatment with protease
inhibitors.
 Migliorati CA, Birman EG, Cury AE. et al
 Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2004 Sep;98(3):301-10
Abstract
Cardiac Disorders
 
  Ritonavir-boosted protease inhibitors, Part 2: cardiac implications of lipid alterations.
 Cohen CJ. 
AIDS Read. 2005 Oct;15(10):528-32, 537-8.
Abstract
Endocrine Disorders
 
Cushing Syndrome
 
 
FULL-TEXT ARTICLE
 Cushing syndrome due to ritonavir-fluticasone interaction.
Canalejo E, Pacheco MS.
CMAJ. 2012 May 14.
Paper

Adrenal suppression and Cushing's syndrome secondary to ritonavir and
budesonide.
 Gray D, Roux P, Carrihill M, Klein M.
S Afr Med J. 2010 May 4;100(5):296-7.
 Abstract

Cushing's syndrome induced by combined treatment with inhaled fluticasone and
oral ritonavir.
 Dupont C, Giraud V, Leporrier J, et al 
Rev Mal Respir. 2009 Sep;26(7):779-82.
 Abstract

Adrenal suppression and Cushing's syndrome secondary to an interaction between ritonavir and fluticasone:
a review of the literature.
 Foisy MM, Yakiwchuk EM, Chiu I, Singh AE.
 HIV Med. 2008 May 3
 Abstract

Ritonavir-Fluticasone Interaction Causing Cushing Syndrome in HIV-Infected Children
and Adolescents.
 Arrington-Sanders R, Hutton N, Siberry GK.
Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2006 Nov;25(11):1044-1048.
Abstract

Cushing syndrome with secondary adrenal insufficiency from concomitant therapy
with ritonavir and fluticasone.
 Johnson SR, Marion AA, Vrchoticky T, et al 
J Pediatr. 2006 Mar;148(3):386-388.
Abstract
Endothelial Mitochondrial DNA Damage and Cell Death
 
HIV protease inhibitor ritonavir induces cytotoxicity of human endothelial cells.
Zhong DS, Lu XH, Conklin BS
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2002 Oct 1;22(10):1560-6
Abstract
Ergotism
 
  Irreversible coma, ergotamine, and ritonavir.
 Pardo Rey C, Yebra M, Borrallo M, 
Clin Infect Dis. 2003
 Abstract
 
  Clinical ergotism induced by ritonavir.
Vila A, Mykietiuk A, Bonvehi P, Temporiti E, et al
 Scand J Infect Dis. 2001;33(10):788-9.
Abstract
Gastrointestinal Disorders
 
Scutellaria baicalensis and a constituent flavonoid, baicalein, attenuate
ritonavir-induced gastrointestinal side-effects.
 Mehendale S, Aung H, Wang CZ, et al
J Pharm Pharmacol. 2007 Nov;59(11):1567-72.
Abstract
Granulomatous Lesions
 
Granulomatous Lesions
 
  Subcutaneous granulomatous lesions related to ritonavir therapy in a HIV infected patient.
 Kawsar M, El-Gadi S.
 Int J STD AIDS. 2002 Apr;13(4):273-4.
Abstract
Hepatotoxicity
 
Risk Factors for Hepatotoxicity in HIV-1-Infected Patients Receiving Ritonavir and
Saquinavir with or without Stavudine. 
Abstract
  Liver toxicity associated with antiretroviral therapy including efavirenz or ritonavir-boosted protease
inhibitors in a cohort of HIV/hepatitis C virus co-infected patients.
 Neukam K, Mira JA, Ruiz-Morales J, et al
J Antimicrob Chemother. 2011 Sep 7.
Abstract

Hepatotoxicity associated with protease inhibitor-based antiretroviral regimens with or
without concurrent ritonavir.
 Sulkowski MS, Mehta SH, Chaisson RE, et al 
AIDS. 2004 Nov 19;18(17):2277-84.
 Abstract
Hypersensitivity
 
  A WEEK-IN-REVIEW FEATURED REPORT
Clinical ritonavir and lopinavir hypersensitivity confirmed by a specific in vitro cellular
allergen stimulation test.
Manfredi R, Sabbatani S, Bergonzi S.
 Curr HIV Res. 2007 Jul;5(4):440-2
Abstract
Metabolic Disorders
 
 
Ritonavir-induced lipoatrophy and dyslipidaemia is reversed by the anti-inflammatory drug
leflunomide in a PPAR-γ-dependent manner.
 Mencarelli A, Francisci D, Renga B,  et al
Antivir Ther. 2012 Jan 25.
Abstract

The lopinavir/ritonavir-associated rise in lipids is not related to lopinavir or ritonavir plasma
concentration.
Bierman WF, van Vonderen MG, Veldkamp AI,  et al
Antivir Ther. 2011;16(5):647-55.
 Abstract

A WEEK-IN-REVIEW FEATURED REPORT
Long-Term Ritonavir Exposure Increases Fatty Acid and Glycerol Recycling in 3T3-L1
Adipocytes as Compensatory Mechanisms for Increased Triacylglycerol Hydrolysis.
Adler-Wailes DC, Guiney EL, et al
Endocrinology. 2010 Mar 12
 Abstract

Effects of first-line use of nucleoside analogues, efavirenz, and ritonavir-boosted protease
inhibitors on lipid levels.
Hill A, Sawyer W, Gazzard B., et al
 HIV Clin Trials. 2009 Jan-Feb;10(1):1-12.
Abstract
Renal Disorders
 
Risk Factors for Hepatotoxicity in HIV-1-Infected Patients Receiving Ritonavir and
Saquinavir with or without Stavudine. 
Abstract
  FULL-TEXT ARTICLE
Ritonavir-induced acute kidney injury: kidney biopsy findings and review of literature.
Shafi T, Choi MJ, Racusen LC,  et al
 Clin Nephrol. 2011 Sup;75(S1):60-64.
 Paper

Clinical Pharmacology Main New/Newsworthy  Home Page      

Ritonavir Adverse Events