Medical Advocates
Protease Inhibitors
 
Adverse Events

General Reports                     Leukotoxicity                
Bleeding                                Vitamin D Impairment                    
Blood Disorders                     Weight Loss
 Cardiovascular Disorders      
Hepatic Disorders
 Endocrine Disorders
 Leukotoxicity
 Mental Health
 Metabolic Disorders
 Musculoskeletal Disorders
 Ocular Disorders
 Pancreatic Disorders

  

 



 
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Last Update:  October 27, 2008
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General Reports
       

     Journal Papers, Abstracts, and Commentaries

 
HIV Protease Inhibitors Impact on Apoptosis.
Rizza SA, Badley AD.
Med Chem. 2008 Jan;4(1):75-9.
 Abstract 
 
In vitro and in vivo effects of HIV protease inhibitors on apoptosis.
Badley AD.   
Cell Death Differ. 2005 Mar 11;
 Abstract 
 
Incidence of and Risk Factors for Adverse Drug Reactions in a Prospective Cohort of
HIV-Infected 7Adults Initiating Protease Inhibitor-Containing Therapy.
Duval X, Journot V, Leport C, et al 
Clin Infect Dis. 2004 Jul 15;39(2):248-55
 Abstract 

Adverse drug reactions to protease inhibitors.
 Manchanda T, Schiedel D, Fischer D, et al.
Can J Clin Pharmacol 2002 Fall;9(3):137-46
 Abstract 

 
Bleeding
 

     Journal Papers, Abstracts, and Commentaries

  Severe bleeding complications in HIV-positive heamophiliac patients treated
with protease inhibitors
 Hollmig KA, Beck SB, Doll DC.
 Eur J Med Res 2001 Mar 26;6(3):112-4
 Abstract		  
Blood Disorders
 

     Journal Papers, Abstracts, and Commentaries

  FULL-TEXT ARTICLE
Practical Preclinical Model for Assessing the Potential for Unconjugated Hyperbilirubinemia
Produced by Human Immunodeficiency Virus Protease Inhibitors
 Kempf DJ, Waring JF, David C. MorfittDC, et al
 Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2006 February; 50(2): 762–764.
Paper		  
Cutaneous Disorders
 

     Journal Papers, Abstracts, and Commentaries
  Risk factors and occurrence of rash in HIV-positive patients not receiving
nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor: data from a randomized study
evaluating use of protease inhibitors in nucleoside-experienced patients with
very low CD4 levels (<50 cells/mmicroL).
Floridia M, Bucciardini R, Fragola V, et al 
HIV Med. 2004 Jan; 5(1): 1-10.
Abstract
Endocrine Disorders
 
Cushing's Syndrome

     Journal Papers, Abstracts, and Commentaries

  Iatrogenic Cushing's syndrome with osteoporosis and secondary adrenal failure in
HIV-infected patients receiving inhaled corticosteroids and ritonavir-boosted protease
inhibitors: six cases.
 Samaras K, Pett S, Gowers A, et al 
Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2005 Mar 8;
Abstract		  
Hepatic Disorders
       

      Journal Papers, Abstracts, and Commentaries
 
Practical preclinical model for assessing the potential for unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia
produced by human immunodeficiency virus protease inhibitors.
Kempf DJ, Waring JF, Morfitt DC, et al 
Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2006 Feb;50(2):762-4.
 Abstract  
 
Hepatotoxicity associated with protease inhibitor-based antiretroviral regimens
with or without concurrent ritonavir.
Sulkowski MS, Mehta SH, Chaisson RE, et al 
AIDS. 2004 Nov 19;18(17):2277-84.
 Abstract  

Hepatotoxicity associated with antiretroviral therapy containing dual versus
single protease inhibitors in individuals coinfected with hepatitis C virus and human
immunodeficiency virus.
 Cooper CL, Parbhakar MA, Angel JB. et al
Clin Infect Dis 2002 May 1;34(9):1259-63
Abstract  

Experience at a branch center of the National HIV Protease Inhibitor Registry
Franco A, Aprea L, Geraci A,
Infez Med 2001 Sep;9(3):170-5
 Abstract 

  
Leukotoxicity
       

     Journal Papers, Abstracts, and Commentaries

  Protease inhibitors, the responsible components for the serum-dependent
enhancement of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans leukotoxicity.
Johansson A, Claesson R, Belibasakis G. et al
Eur J Oral Sci 2001 Oct;109(5):335-41
Abstract		  
Mental Health
       

     Journal Papers, Abstracts, and Commentaries

  Quality of life and depression among HIV-infected patients receiving efavirenz- or protease
inhibitor-based therapy in Senegal.
 Poupard M, Ngom Gueye N, Thiam D, et al
HIV Med. 2007 Mar;8(2):92-5.
Abstract		  
Metabolic Disorders: General
       

     Journal Papers, Abstracts, and Commentaries

 
Overweight HIV Patients with Abdominal Fat Distribution Treated with Protease Inhibitors are at High Risk
for Abnormalities in Glucose Metabolism - A Reason for Glycemic Control.
Blass SC, Ellinger S, Vogel M, et al 
Eur J Med Res. 2008 May 26;13(5):209-14.
 Abstract
 
Protease inhibitor-based antiretroviral therapy and glucose tolerance in pregnancy: AIDS
Clinical Trials Group A5084.
Hitti J, Andersen J, McComsey G, et al  
Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2007 Apr;196(4):331.e1-7.
 Abstract
 
Long-Term Body Composition and Metabolic Changes in Antiretroviral Naive Persons
Randomized to Protease Inhibitor-, Nonnucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor-, or
Protease Inhibitor Plus Nonnucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor-Based Strategy.
 Shlay JC, Bartsch G, Peng G, et al  
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2007 Feb 22;
 Abstract
 
Protease Inhibitor-Associated Dyslipidemia in HIV-Infected Patients Is Strongly Influenced by
the APOA5-1131T->C Gene Variation.
Guardiola M, Ferre R, Salazar J, et al  
Clin Chem. 2006 Aug 3;
Abstract
 
Lipodystrophies related to antiretroviral treatment of HIV infection
Capeau J, Caron M, Vigouroux C,et al |
 Med Sci (Paris). 2006 May;22(5):531-536.
 Abstract
 
Alterations in Lipid Profiles in HIV-Infected Patients Treated With Protease Inhibitor Therapy
Are Not Influenced by Diet.
Wanke C, Gerrior J, Hendricks K,, et al
Nutr Clin Pract. 2005 Dec;20(6):668-673
 Abstract
 
Protease inhibitor-based HAART, HDL, and CHD-risk in HIV-infected patients.
Asztalos BF, Schaefer EJ, Horvath KV, et al
Atherosclerosis. 2005 May 31;
Abstract
 
Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Links Dyslipidemia to Inhibition of Proteasome Activity
and Glucose Transport by HIV Protease Inhibitors.
Parker RA, Flint OP, Mulvey R, et al
Mol Pharmacol. 2005 Mar 8;
 Abstract
 
Cellular mechanisms of insulin resistance, lipodystrophy and atherosclerosis
 induced by HIV protease inhibitors.
Rudich A, Ben-Romano R, Etzion S, Bashan N.
Acta Physiol Scand. 2005 Jan;183(1):75-88.
 Abstract
 
The Effects of HIV Protease Inhibitors on Carbohydrate and Lipid Metabolism.
Lee GA, Rao MN, Grunfeld C.   
Curr Infect Dis Rep. 2004 Dec;6(6):471-482
 Abstract
 
Incidence of hyperlipidaemia in a cohort of 212 HIV-infected patients receiving a
protease inhibitor-based antiretroviral therapy.
Calza L, Manfredi R, Farneti B, Chiodo F.
Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2003 Jul;22(1):54-59.
Abstract

Protease Inhibitor Use and the Incidence of Diabetes Mellitus in a Large Cohort
of HIV-infected Women.
 Justman JE, Benning L, Danoff A, et al.
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2003 Mar 1;32(3):298-302
 Abstract

Effects of HIV protease inhibitor therapy on lipid metabolism.
 Hui DY.
Prog Lipid Res 2003 Mar;42(2):81-92
 Abstract

Clinical lipoatrophy in HIV-1 patients on HAART is not associated with increased
abdominal girth, hyperlipidaemia or glucose intolerance.
 Worm D, Kirk O, Andersen O, et al.
HIV Med 2002 Oct;3(4):239-46
Abstract
 

  
 

HIV protease inhibitors protect apolipoprotein B from degradation by the
proteasome: A potential mechanism for protease inhibitor-induced hyperlipidemia.
 Liang JS, Distler O, Cooper DA, et al.
Nat Med 2001 Dec;7(12):1327-31
Abstract

 Effects of protease inhibitors on hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, and lipodystrophy:
a 5-year cohort study.
Tsiodras S, Mantzoros C, Hammer S, Samore M.
 Arch Intern Med 2000 Jul 10;160(13):2050-6
 Abstract

  

     Conference Reports, Abstracts, and Posters

 
A WEEK-IN-REVIEW FEATURED REPORT
CONFERENCE PDF POSTER
 Ezetimibe Combined with Low Dose Statin Effectively Lowers LDL in Protease Inhibitor
Treated Patients
Klibanov OM, Gaughan1 JP, Tedaldi EM, et al
(4th IAS Conference)
 Poster

Dyslipidaemia in an Asian Population following Treatment for 2 Years with 5
Different Protease Inhibitor-containing Regimens: The HIV-NAT Cohort
 C Duncombe , S Kerr , A Avihingsanon, et al 
(12 CROI)
 Abstract
Musculoskeletal Disorders
       

     Journal Papers, Abstracts, and Commentaries

  Longitudinal evolution of bone mineral density and bone markers in human
immunodeficiency virus-infected individuals.
 Mondy K, Yarasheski K, Powderly WG, et al.
Clin Infect Dis 2003 Feb 15;36(4):482-90
 Abstract
 		  
  Rheumatological complications associated with the use of indinavir and other
protease inhibitors.
 Florence E, Schrooten W, Verdonck K, et al.
Ann Rheum Dis 2002 Jan;61(1):82-4
Abstract 		  
Ocular Disorders
       

     Journal Papers, Abstracts, and Commentaries

  Intraocular pressure in patients with human immunodeficiency virus and treated with
highly active antiretroviral therapy.
Park RJ, Mudumbai RC, Chen PP. et al 
J Ophthalmol. 2003 Aug;136(2):360-1.
Abstract
Pancreatic Disorders
       

     Journal Papers, Abstracts, and Commentaries
 

  Direct interference of HIV protease inhibitors with pancreatic beta-cell function.
Dufer M, Neye Y, Krippeit-Drews P, Drews G.
Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 2004 May 7
 Abstract
Vitamin D Impairment
 
  HIV-protease inhibitors impair vitamin D bioactivation to 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D.
 Cozzolino M, Vidal M, Arcidiacono MV,
AIDS 2003 Mar 7;17(4):513-20
 Abstract		  
Weight Loss
       

     Journal Papers, Abstracts, and Commentaries
 
  Low body weight and type of protease inhibitor predict discontinuation and
treatment-limiting adverse drug reactions among HIV-infected patients starting
a protease inhibitor regimen: consistent results from a randomized trial and an
observational cohort.
 Kirk O, Gerstoft J, Pedersen C M et al.
HIV Med 2001 Jan;2(1):43-51
 Abstract 		  

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