Candidiasis Drugs

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Candidiasis

Drugs

General Drug Reviews          Posaconazole
Antiretrovirals                     Ravuconazole
Multiple Classes                    Triazole
5-Fluorocytosine                   Voriconazole
Amphotericin B
Anidulafungin
Caspofungin
Ciprofloxacin
Clotrimazole
Fluconazole
Imidazole
Micafungin

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Last Update: October 20, 2008
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General Drug Reviews

          Journal Papers, Abstracts, and Commentaries

Echinocandins in invasive candidiasis.
Glöckner A, Cornely OA.
Med Klin (Munich). 2008 Jun 15;103(6):397-405.
Abstract

Triple antifungal therapy for severe systemic candidiasis allowed performance of
allogeneic stemcell transplantation.
Gahn B, Schub N, Repp R, Gramatzki M.
Eur J Med Res. 2007 Aug 16;12(8):337-40
Abstract

Susceptibility of candida isolates from denture-related stomatitis to antifungal agents in vitro.
Dorocka-Bobkowska B, Konopka K.
Int J Prosthodont. 2007 Sep-Oct;20(5):504-6.
Abstract

Decreased susceptibility of Candida albicans to azole antifungals: a complication of long-term
treatment in autoimmune polyendocrinopathy-candidiasis-ectodermal dystrophy (APECED)
patients.
Rautemaa R, Richardson M, Pfaller M, et al J
Antimicrob Chemother. 2007 Aug 17
Abstract

Use of prophylactic antifungals in the immunocompromised host.
Ship JA, Vissink A, Challacombe SJ
Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2007 Mar;103 Suppl:S6.e1-S6.e14
Abstract

Pharmacological advances in the treatment of invasive candidiasis.
Deck DH, Guglielmo BJ.
Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther. 2006 Feb;4(1):137-49.
Abstract

A systematic review of the effectiveness of antifungal drugs for the prevention
and treatment of oropharyngeal candidiasis in HIV-positive patients.
Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 001 Aug;92(2):170-9
Abstract

Antiretroviral Therapy

          Journal Papers, Abstracts, and Commentaries

Increased incidence of mucosal candidiasis after HAART initiation: a benign form of
immune reconstitution disease?
Nacher M, Vantilcke V, Huber F, et al
AIDS. 2007 Nov 30;21(18):2534-2536.
Abstract

The effect of antiretroviral therapy on the prevalence of HIV-associated oral candidiasis
in a Spanish cohort.
Ceballos-Salobrena A, Gaitain-Cepeda L, et al
Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2004 Mar;97(3):345-50
Abstract

Multiple Classes

           Journal Papers, Abstracts, and Commentaries

Prevalence of Molecular Mechanisms of Resistance to Azole Antifungal Agents in
Candida albicans Strains Displaying High-Level Fluconazole Resistance Isolated from
Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Patients.
Perea S, Lopez-Ribot JL, Kirkpatrick WR, et al.
Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2001 Oct;45(10):2676-84
Abstract
Post-antifungal effect of polyene, azole and DNA-analogue agents against oral Candida
albicans and Candida tropicalis isolates in HIV disease.
Anil S, Ellepola AN, Samaranayake LP.
J Oral Pathol Med 2001 Sep;30(8):481-8
Abstract

>

5-Fluorocytosine

          Journal Papers, Abstracts, and Commentaries

The effect of antiretroviral therapy on the prevalence of HIV-associated oral candidiasis
in a Spanish cohort.
Ceballos-Salobrena A, Gaitain-Cepeda L, et al
Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2004 Mar;97(3):345-50
Abstract

Amphotericin B

           Journal Papers, Abstracts, and Commentaries

Low-dose liposomal amphotericin B in the prevention of invasive fungal infections in patients
with prolonged neutropenia: results from a randomized, single-center trial.
Penack O, Schwartz S, Martus P, et al
Ann Oncol. 2006 Jun 9;
Abstract

A randomized, blinded, multicenter trial of lipid-associated amphotericin B alone versus in
combination with an antibody-based inhibitor of heat shock protein 90 in patients with invasive
candidiasis.
Pachl J, Svoboda P, Jacobs F, Vandewoude K, et al
Clin Infect Dis. 2006 May 15;42(10):1404-13.
Abstract

Pharmacokinetic-Pharmacodynamic Comparison of Amphotericin B (AMB) and Two
Lipid-Associated AMB Preparations, Liposomal AMB and AMB Lipid Complex, in
Murine Candidiasis Models.
Andes D, Safdar N, Marchillo K, Conklin R.
Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2006 Feb;50(2):674-84.
Abstract

Treatment of Candida infections with amphotericin B lipid complex.
Ito JI, Hooshmand-Rad R.
Clin Infect Dis. 2005 May 1;40 Suppl 6:S384-91
Abstract

Anidulafungin

           Journal Papers, Abstracts, and Commentaries

A Phase 2, Open-Label Study of the Safety and Efficacy of Intravenous Anidulafungin as a Treatment for
Azole-Refractory Mucosal Candidiasis.
Vazquez JA, Schranz JA, Clark K, et al
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2008 Jul 1;48(3):304-309
Abstract

Therapeutic efficacy of anidulafungin for the treatment of oesophageal candidiasis, candidemia and
invasive candidiasis.
Montejo González JC, Catalán González M, León Gil C.
Rev Iberoam Micol. 2008 Jun;25(2):107-18.
Abstract

The role of anidulafungin therapy in solid organ transplant recipients.
Fortún Abete J, Martín-Dávila P.
Rev Iberoam Micol. 2008 Jun;25(2):129-33
Abstract

Therapeutic efficacy of anidulafungin for the treatment of oesophageal candidiasis, candidemia and
invasive candidiasis.
Montejo González JC, Catalán González M, León Gil C.
Rev Iberoam Micol.2008 Jun;25(2):107-18.
Abstract

In Vitro Susceptibility of Invasive Isolates of Candida spp. to Anidulafungin, Caspofungin,
and Micafungin: Six Years of Global Surveillance.
Pfaller MA, Boyken L, Hollis RJ, et al
J Clin Microbiol. 2007 Nov 21;
Abstract

Anidulafungin: a new echinocandin for candidal infections.
de la Torre P, Reboli AC.
Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther. 2007 Feb;5(1):45-52
Abstract

Caspofungin

            Journal Papers, Abstracts, and Commentaries

In Vitro Susceptibility of Invasive Isolates of Candida spp. to Anidulafungin, Caspofungin,
and Micafungin: Six Years of Global Surveillance.
Pfaller MA, Boyken L, Hollis RJ, et al
J Clin Microbiol. 2007 Nov 21;
Abstract

Micafungin versus caspofungin for treatment of candidemia and other forms of invasive
candidiasis.
Pappas PG, Rotstein CM, Betts RF, et al
Clin Infect Dis. 2007 Oct 1;45(7):883-93.
Abstract

Development of candidemia on caspofungin therapy: a case report.
Cheung C, Guo Y, Gialanella P, Feldmesser M.
Infection. 2006 Dec;34(6):345-8
Abstract

Efficacies of caspofungin and a combination of caspofungin and meropenem in the treatment of
murine disseminated candidiasis.
Ozcan SK, Budak F, Willke A, et al
APMIS. 2006 Dec;114(12):829-36.
Abstract

Caspofungin in Combination with Amphotericin B against Candida parapsilosis.
Barchiesi F, Spreghini E, Tomassetti S, et al
Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2006 Dec 11;
Abstract

Caspofungin for invasive candidiasis at a tertiary care medical center.
Zaas AK, Dodds Ashley ES.
Am J Med. 2006 Nov;119(11):993.e1-6.
Abstract

Global Surveillance of In Vitro Activity of Micafungin against Candida: a Comparison
with Caspofungin by CLSI-Recommended Methods
Pfaller MA, Boyken L, Hollis RJ,
J Clin Microbiol. 2006 Oct;44(10):3533-8.
Abstract

Caspofungin in the treatment of azole-refractory esophageal candidiasis in kidney
transplant recipients.
Veroux M, Macarone M, Fiamingo P
Transplant Proc. 2006 May;38(4):1037-9.
Abstract

Sequential Therapy with Caspofungin and Fluconazole for Candida albicans Infection.
Barchiesi F, Spreghini E, Baldassarri I
Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2004 Oct;48(10):4056-8.
Abstract

Caspofungin-a new therapeutic option for oropharyngeal candidiasis.
Garbino J.
Clin Microbiol Infect. 2004 Mar;10(3):187-9
Abstract

Caspofungin: first approved agent in a new class of antifungals.
Johnson MD, Perfect JR.
Expert Opin Pharmacother 2003 May;4(5):807-23
Abstract

Caspofungin in the treatment of oropharyngeal candidiasis.
Garbino J, Lew D, Hirschel B, Rohner P.
Int J Clin Pract 2003 Mar;57(2):143-4
Abstract

Caspofungin: the first representative of a new antifungal class.
Letscher-Bru V, Herbrecht R.
J Antimicrob Chemother 2003 Mar;51(3):513-21
Abstract

Randomized, Double-Blind, Multicenter Study of Caspofungin versus Amphotericin B
for Treatment of Oropharyngeal and Esophageal Candidiases
Arathoon EG, Gotuzzo E, Noriega L , et al.
Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2002 Feb;46(2):451-7
Abstract

Ciprofloxacin

           Journal Papers, Abstracts, and Commentaries

Isobolographic analysis of pharmacodynamic interactions between antifungal agents and
ciprofloxacin against Candida albicans and Aspergillus fumigatus.
Stergiopoulou T, Meletiadis J, Sein T, et al
Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2008 Feb 25
Abstract

Clotrimazole

           Journal Papers, Abstracts, and Commentaries

FULL-TEXT ARTICLE
Emergence of resistance of Candida albicans to clotrimazole in human immunodeficiency
virus-infected children: in vitro and clinical correlations.
Pelletier R, Peter J, Antin C, et al.
J Clin Microbiol 2000 Apr;38(4):1563-8
Paper

Fluconazole

            Journal Papers, Abstracts, and Commentaries

Single-dose fluconazole versus standard 2-week therapy for oropharyngeal candidiasis in
HIV-infected patients: a randomized, double-blind, double-dummy trial.
Hamza OJ, Matee MI, Brüggemann RJ, et al
Clin Infect Dis. 2008 Nov 15;47(10):1270-6.
Abstract

Correlation of the MIC and Dose/MIC ratio of fluconazole to the therapeutic response of
patientswith mucosal candidiasis and candidaemia.
Rodríguez-Tudela JL, Almirante B, et al
Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2007 Jul 23;
Abstract

Fluconazole for the management of invasive candidiasis: where do we stand after 15 years?
Charlier C, Hart E, Lefort A, et al
J Antimicrob Chemother. 2006 Jan 31;
Abstract

Single-dose fluconazole for vulvovaginal candidiasis: impact on prothrombin time in women taking warfarin.
Turrentine MA.
Obstet Gynecol. 2006 Feb;107(2):310-3.
Abstract

Fluconazole Treatment Is Effective against a Candida albicans erg3/erg3 Mutant In Vivo
Despite In Vitro Resistance.
Miyazaki T, Miyazaki Y, Izumikawa K, et al
Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2006 Feb;50(2):580-6.
Abstract

A Randomized Study of the Use of Fluconazole in Continuous versus Episodic Therapy in
Patients with Advanced HIV Infection and a History of Oropharyngeal Candidiasis: AIDS
Clinical Trials Group Study 323/ / Mycoses Study Group Study 40.
Goldman M, Cloud GA, Wade KD, et al
Clin Infect Dis. 2005 Nov 15;41(10):1473-80.
Abstract

Pattern of Candida species isolated from patients with diabetes mellitus and vulvovaginal
candidiasis and their response to single dose oral fluconazole therapy.
Goswami D, Goswami R, Banerjee U, et al
J Infect. 2005 May 19;
Abstract

Sequential Therapy with Caspofungin and Fluconazole for Candida albicans Infection.
Barchiesi F, Spreghini E, Baldassarri I
Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2004 Oct;48(10):4056-8.
Abstract

In vitro activities of voriconazole, posaconazole, and fluconazole against 4,169 clinical
isolates of Candida spp. and Cryptococcus neoformans collected during 2001 and 2002 in
the ARTEMIS global antifungal surveillance program.
Pfaller MA, Messer SA, Boyken L, et al
Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 2004 Mar;48(3):201-5
Abstract

Persistence of oropharyngeal Candida albicans strains with reduced susceptibilities to
fluconazole among human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive children and adults in a
long-term care facility.
Makarova NU, Pokrowsky VV, Kravchenko AV, et al.
J Clin Microbiol 2003 May;41(5):1833-7
Abstract

Fluconazole 150 mg single dose versus itraconazole 200 mg per day for 3 days in the
treatment of acutevaginal candidiasis: a double-blind randomized study.
De Punzio C, Garutti P, Mollica G, et al.
Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2003 Feb 10;106(2):193-7
Abstract

Frequency and clinical significance of bloodstream infections caused by C. albicans
strains with reduced susceptibility to fluconazole.
Munoz P, Fernandez-Turegano CP, Alcala L, et al.
Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2002 Dec;44(2):163-167
Abstract

          Conference Reports, Abstracts, and Posters

Replacement of Candida albicans by C. dubliniensis in HIV-Infected Patients with
Oropharyngeal Candidiasis Treated with Fluconazole
(41ICCAC)
Abstract
A Double-Blind Study of Fluconazole Oral Suspension vs. Capsules in the Treatment
of Oropharyngeal Candidiasis in HIV-Patients
(41ICCAC)
Abstract

Imidazole

           Journal Papers, Abstracts, and Commentaries

Oral versus intra-vaginal imidazole and triazole anti-fungal treatment of uncomplicated
vulvovaginal candidiasis (thrush).
Nurbhai M, Grimshaw J, Watson M, et al
Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2007 Oct 17;(4):CD002845.
Abstract

Oral versus intra-vaginal imidazole and triazole anti-fungal treatment of uncomplicated
vulvovaginal candidiasis (thrush).
Watson MC, Grimshaw JM, Bond CM, et al
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2001;4:CD002845
Abstract

Micafungin

           Journal Papers, Abstracts, and Commentaries

Micafungin : a review of its use in adults for the treatment of invasive and oesophageal candidiasis,
and as prophylaxis against Candida infections.
Cross SA, Scott LJ.
Drugs. 2008;68(15):2225-55.
Abstract

Economic analysis of micafungin versus liposomal amphotericin B for treatment of candidaemia and
invasive candidiasis in Germany.
Cornely OA, Sidhu M, Odeyemi I, et al
Curr Med Res Opin. 2008 Jun;24(6):1743-53.
Abstract

Antifungal susceptibility testing of micafungin against Candida glabrata isolates.
Oliveira ER, Fothergill A, Kirkpatrick WR, et al
Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2008 Apr;105(4):457-9.
Abstract

In Vitro Susceptibility of Invasive Isolates of Candida spp. to Anidulafungin, Caspofungin,
and Micafungin: Six Years of Global Surveillance.
Pfaller MA, Boyken L, Hollis RJ, et al
J Clin Microbiol. 2007 Nov 21;
Abstract

Micafungin versus caspofungin for treatment of candidemia and other forms of invasive
candidiasis.
Pappas PG, Rotstein CM, Betts RF, et al
Clin Infect Dis. 2007 Oct 1;45(7):883-93.
Abstract

Global Surveillance of In Vitro Activity of Micafungin against Candida: a Comparison
with Caspofungin by CLSI-Recommended Methods
Pfaller MA, Boyken L, Hollis RJ,
J Clin Microbiol. 2006 Oct;44(10):3533-8.
Abstract

Posaconazole

         News

Schering-Plough Announces FDA Approval of NOXAFIL (Posaconazole) for Treatment of
Oropharyngeal Candidiasis (OPC)
Schering-Plough
October 23, 2006
News Release

        Journal Papers, Abstracts, and Commentaries

Posaconazole against Candida glabrata with Variable Susceptibility to Fluconazole.
Spreghini E, Maida CM, Tomassetti S, et al
Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2008 Apr 7
Abstract

FULL-TEXT ARTICLE
Role of posaconazole in the management of oropharyngeal and esophageal candidiasis.
Vazquez JA.
Ther Clin Risk Manag. 2007 Aug;3(4):533-42.
Paper

Posaconazole for the management of mucosal candidiasis.
Vazquez JA.
Future Microbiol. 2007 Jun;2:245-256.
Abstract

Posaconazole for the management of mucosal candidiasis.
Vazquez JA.
Future Microbiol. 2007 Jun;2:245-56
Abstract

Posaconazole for the Treatment of Azole-Refractory Oropharyngeal and Esophageal
Candidiasis in Subjects with HIV Infection.
Skiest DJ, Vazquez JA, Anstead GM, et al
Clin Infect Dis. 2007 Feb 15;44(4):607-14.
Abstract

A Multicenter Randomized Trial Evaluating Posaconazole versus Fluconazole for the Treatment
of Oropharyngeal Candidiasis in Subjects with HIV/AIDS.
Vazquez JA, Skiest DJ, Nieto L, et al
Clin Infect Dis. 2006 Apr 15;42(8):1179-86.
Abstract

In vitro activities of voriconazole, posaconazole, and fluconazole against 4,169 clinical
solates of Candida spp. and Cryptococcus neoformans collected during 2001 and 2002
n the ARTEMIS global antifungal surveillance program.
Pfaller MA, Messer SA, Boyken L, et al
Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 2004 Mar;48(3):201-5
Abstract

Pharmacodynamics of a new triazole, posaconazole, in a murine model of disseminated|
candidiasis.
Andes D, Marchillo K, Conklin R, et al.
Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2004 Jan; 48(1): 137-42.
Abstract

Ravuconazole

          Journal Papers, Abstracts, and Commentaries

In vivo pharmacodynamics of a new triazole, ravuconazole, in a murine
candidiasis model.
Andes D, Marchillo K, Stamstad T, et al
Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2003 Apr;47(4):1193-9
Abstract

           Conference Reports, Abstracts, and Posters

Ravuconazole Exposure-Response Relationship in HIV+ Patients with Oropharyngeal
Candidiasis
(41ICAAC)
Abstract

Triazole

            Journal Papers, Abstracts, and Commentaries

Oral versus intra-vaginal imidazole and triazole anti-fungal treatment of uncomplicated
vulvovaginal candidiasis (thrush).
Watson MC, Grimshaw JM, Bond CM,
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2001;4:CD002845
Abstract

Voriconazole

            Journal Papers, Abstracts, and Commentaries

Breakthrough Candida Infections in Patients Receiving Voriconazole
Gerzenshtein L, Patel SM, Scarsi KK, Postelnick
Ann Pharmacother. 2005 May 24
Abstract

In vitro activities of voriconazole, posaconazole, and fluconazole against 4,169 clinical
isolates of Candida spp. and Cryptococcus neoformans collected during 2001 and 2002 in
the ARTEMIS global antifungal surveillance program.
Pfaller MA, Messer SA, Boyken L, et al
Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 2004 Mar;48(3):201-5
Abstract

Voriconazole salvage treatment of invasive candidiasis.
Ostrosky-Zeichner L, Oude Lashof AM,
Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2003 Nov; 22(11): 651-5
Abstract

Voriconazole Inhibits Fungal Growth without Impairing Antigen Presentation or T-Cell
Activation.
Van Epps HL, Feldmesser M, Pamer EG.
Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2003 Jun;47(6):1818-23
Abstract

Voriconazole treatment for less-common, emerging, or refractory fungal infections.
Perfect JR, Marr KA, Walsh TJ,et al.
Clin Infect Dis 2003 May 1;36(9):1122-31
Abstract

Voriconazole: a new triazole antifungal agent.
Pearson MM, Rogers PD, Cleary JD, Chapman SW.
Ann Pharmacother 2003 Mar;37(3):420-32
Abstract

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